Slot Genova

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A genoa sail is a type of large jib or staysail that extends past the mast and so overlaps the main sail when viewed from the side,^[1] sometimes eliminating it.It was originally called an 'overlapping jib' and later a genoa jib. It is used on single-masted sloops and twin-masted boats such as yawls and ketches. Its larger surface area increases the speed of the craft in light to moderate winds; in high wind, a smaller jib is usually substituted, and downwind a spinnaker may be used.

Definition[edit]

Slot House Genova

The term jib is the generic term for any of an assortment of headsails. The term genoa (or genny) refers to a type of jib that is larger than the 100% foretriangle, which is the triangular area formed by the point at which the stay intersects the mast, and deck or bowsprit, and the line where the mast intersects deck at the rail. Colloquially the term is sometimes used interchangeably with jib. A working jib is no larger than the 100% foretriangle. A genoa is larger, with the leech going past the mast and overlapping the mainsail. To maximize sail area, the foot of the sail is generally parallel and very close to the deck when close hauled.

Genoas are categorized by a percentage representing their area relative to the 100% foretriangle. Sail racing classes often specify a limit to genoa size. Genoas are classified by their size; a modern number 1 genoa would typically be approximately 155%, but historically number 1 genoas have been as large as 180%. Number 2 genoas are generally in the range of 125–140%. Working jibs are also defined by the same measure, typically 100% or less of the foretriangle. Under Performance Handicap Racing Fleet rules, most boats are allowed 155% genoas without a penalty.^[2]

Handling issues[edit]

Maximizing the sail area can cause more difficult handling. It may be harder to tack a genoa than a jib, since the overlapping area can become tangled with the shrouds and/or mast unless carefully tended during the tack. Genoas are very popular in some racing classes, since they count only the foretriangle area when calculating foresail size; a genoa allows a significant increase in actual sail area within the calculated sail area. In boats where sail restrictions do not apply, genoas of 180% overlap can be found, although those over 150% are rare because the additional area is shadowed by the mainsail when close hauled and generates diminishing returns in terms of power per actual sail area.

The gennaker[edit]

The gennaker has been around for several decades now, and as the name suggests, it is a hybrid between a genoa and a symmetrical spinnaker. A brand name of North Sails, the gennaker started as a cruising sail based on the Code 0 spinnakers used on racing boats. Gennakers and similar code 0 variants offered by other makers are even larger than genoas (200% overlaps are not uncommon), and they have a much greater camber for generating larger amounts of lift when reaching. Flat-cut gennakers can be effective for angles as low as 60–70 degrees. Spinnakers perform much better when running because the main sail blocks the wind of gennaker above 135–150 degrees.

History[edit]

The famous Swedish sailor and shipowner Sven Salén (1890–1969) first used the genoa on his 6 m R-yacht May-Be by the 1926 in Coppa del Tirreno in Genoa, hence the name. He successfully used it during the Scandinavian Gold Cup's races of 1927 in Oyster Bay (US). Sven Salén also pioneered the parachute spinnacre.

A similar type of jib was in use for centuries by the fishermen in the Netherlands with their Botter type ships. The fishermen relied on the combination of a large jib while fishing so the mainsail could remain unused. After fishing the fisherman's jib^[3] helped to get the fish to markets fast.

A correct explanation of the interaction between jib and mainsail was published by aerodynamicist and yachtsman Arvel Gentry in 1981,^[4] and 'is much more complicated than the old theories imply'. This states that the widely believed explanation of the slot effect is 'completely wrong' and shows that this is not due to the venturi effect (or 'valve effect' to use Curry's term) accelerating the air in the slot. Instead it is shown that the air in the slot is slowed and its pressure increased reducing the tendency of the mainsail to stall, that the mainsail reduces the air pressure on the lee side of the jib accelerating that airflow, and that the mainsail increases the angle at which the air meets the luff of the jib, allowing the boat to point higher. Gentry points out that proper understanding of sail interaction allows better sail trimming.

References[edit]

1. ^Jerry Cardwell, Dieter Loibner (2007). Sailing Big on a Small Sailboat, 3rd. Ed. Sheridan House, Inc. p. 68. ISBN1-57409-247-2.
2. ^Ross Garrett (1996). The symmetry of sailing. Sheridan House, Inc. p. 124. ISBN1-57409-000-3.
3. ^nl:Botter
4. ^A Review of Modern Sail Theory, Proceedings of the Eleventh AIAA Symposium on the Aero/Hydronautics of Sailing September 12, 1981

Solo a Genova is a live solo album by keyboardist Jamie Saft recorded at the Teatro Carlo Felice in Italy and released on the RareNoise label in early 2018.^[1]

Reception[edit]

On All About Jazz, Dan McClenaghan said 'Pianist Jamie Saft's Solo A Genova is a revelation ... he proves himself strikingly virtuosic, lushly harmonic, and beautifully fluid ... Solo A Genova showcases his uplifting, steeped-in-the-American-sound soul' while Doug Collete noted 'Jamie Saft's first solo album in his twenty-five year career, Solo a Genova, captures this restless, daring artist interpreting a selection of songs that reflect his eclectic taste as a reflection of his customary willingness to challenge himself. The sum effect of hearing this recording from Italy in March of 2017 is an altogether glorious experience made all the more stirring by the inclusion of audience applause'.^[2][3] Broadway World observed 'Solo a Genova is Saft's highly emotive take on jazz standards and other uniquely American compositions ... The rare, emotional outpouring and transformative power of Saft's piano is in evidence throughout Solo a Genova, his brilliant solo piano debut'.^[5] A Jazz Noise's Dave Foxall wrote 'Jamie Saft’s first solo album is an unrestrained experience, taking an eclectic mix of material – jazz, rock, pop, blues, modernist classical, and a few Saft originals – and creating an hour’s coherent listening without sacrificing any of the variety ... Blues spirit, classical lyricism, jazz dexterity – as solo piano albums go, slot it into your collection right next to Mingus Plays Piano, Jarrett’s Köln and Monk’s Alone in San Francisco.^[6]

Track listing[edit]

1. 'The Makings of You' (Curtis Mayfield) – 3:37
2. 'Human/Gates' (Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis/Jamie Saft) – 4:41
3. 'Naima' (John Coltrane) – 5:42
4. 'Sharp Dressed Man' (Billy Gibbons, Dusty Hill, Frank Beard) – 7:10
5. 'Overjoyed' (Stevie Wonder) – 4:36
6. 'Po' Boy' (Bob Dylan) – 4:05
7. 'The New Standard/Pinkus' (Saft) – 12:43
8. 'Blue Motel Room' (Joni Mitchell) – 6:10
9. 'The Houseatonic at Stockbridge' (Charles Ives) – 4:09
10. 'Blue in Green' (Bill Evans, Miles Davis) – 3:33
11. 'Restless Farewell' (Bob Dylan) – 7:31

Personnel[edit]

Slot Genova 2

• Jamie Saft - piano

References[edit]

1. ^RareNoise Records album details, accessed February 21, 2018
2. ^ ^abMcClenaghan, D., All About Jazz Review 1, January 28, 2018
3. ^ ^abCollette, D., All About Jazz Review 2, January 18, 2018
4. ^Hull, Tom (28 February 2018). 'Streamnotes'. Tom Hull – on the Web. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
5. ^Jamie Saft's First Solo Album 'Solo a Genova' Out on RareNoise, 1/26, BWW Music, January 14, 2018
6. ^Foxall, D. A Jazz Noise Review, January 9, 2018